Cello RESPONSE is describable a result of "Newton's laws of motion". The key is the aligned mechanical resonance between TAILPIECE and ENDPIN, taking some delay from strings. Too quick bow speed leads the resonance energy into endpin preferentially. The true direct reason is hidden at the floor that restricting the tip of endpin. If you allow free vibration to endpin tip your cello response will revive dramatically. レスポンス、深く関係するのは「ニュートンの運動方程式(F=ma)」である。観察してみると少々込み入っているようだ。 (1)時としてテールピースとエンドピンが連携してあたかも質量を共有しているように共振する (2)エンドピンは弦と直接接続していないので共振に「遅れ」が生じる (3)必要以上に速い弓はテールピース→エンドピンのルートでエネルギーが流出する (1)-(3)の挙動を増大させているのは床がエンドピンの先端を固定していることに起因する。ピン先を自由にすることによりチェロのレスポンスは劇的に改善する。 ( CELLO : Kinue NAKAHARA )
Cello's '8-shape' resonance body, that can resonate any pitches keeping them inside. Endpins mechanical resonance contrary depends on the endpin length and given pitches. チェロの筐体はあらゆる連続するピッチを共鳴させることができる。一方、エンドピンはその長さと与えられるピッチによって挙動が異なる。 ( CELLO : Kinue NAKAHARA )
Advanced Endpin Holder improves resonance and response. Please try AEH and add to your repertoires the improved resonance and response world. ( CELLO : Kinue NAKAHARA )
We know every string, pipes, wind instruments can be defined their frequency(/tones) by being determined two ends or the length. Cello endpins behave as same. Then mosaic-like vibration effects from the endpin are added back on the original cello sound. 弦・パイプ・管楽器(wind instruments)、２点またはその長さを決めると共振する周波数(音程)が決まる。 奏者はその音を最大限響かせながら周囲に伝えたい時、楽器を空中に保持する。 一方、チェロのエンドピンはどうでしょうか。床の上に置いて２点(両端)を固定して使う。エンドピンはその長さ・材質・与えられる周波数に応じて共振し、その共振タイミングと振動数はモザイク状のサウンドエフェクトのようにチェロの音質や響きに影響する。 ( CELLO: Kinue NAKAHARA )
Cello's '8-shape' resonance body, that can resonate any (and continuous) pitch keeping them in its inside, is a great invention. However, cello was destined to share a wolf tone at its center range instead. This one point discontinuity seems a compensation that the infinite is confined in the finite. ( Cello : Kinue NAKAHARA )
A typical resonance simulation for 4C0C(C 66Hz on C string, the lowest note on cello) was carefully studied by 70 times slower. The behavior was very similar to a former study of 4C4E(83 Hz). For a C(66 Hz) down-beat given from strings, cello body(/top plate) resonates adopting 3 to 5 up-beats those are taking low angle vibration(:along a round slice direction ). Just like an E(83 Hz) resonance, when a cello placed on the floor with endpin, the long endpin or prolonged height cannot keep rigorous up-beats no more, slightly delayed and shifted pitch brings endpin an 'interference beat'. Consequently, cello body creates a new macroscopic single-beat along the height direction, reducing the round slice resonance and the amplitude instead.
A typical resonance simulation for 4C4E(E 83Hz on C string) was studied again using really measured data. This time, the detailed relation between cello body and endpin(etc.) was carefully simulated by slowing down to 160 times slower. The animation video shows us a hint to understand the mechanism for low frequency resonance on modern cello.
Although C-string usually takes a single-beat-swing when it is played by pizzicato, this case on the other hand, measurement by arco, data on 'bridge' show us dominant two-beats, probably bow hair is slipping on the string. At 'without-endpin( and floating)' case, body(--> see V-mic and H-mic data) is taking a typical two-beat(fundamental/down and up) along round slice direction. The chart looks so natural and sensible. On the other hand, when the cello is placed on the floor with being equipped a steel-pipe endpin, the chart differs in beats and shapes. Probably the up-beat on body might be transmitted toward endpin(along the prolonged height). Cello body cannot keep a rigorous two-beat no more, also the endpin takes a slightly delayed and shifted pitch at mechanical resonance. It came out as a strong 'interference beat' on chart. Consequently, cello body creates a new macroscopic single-beat along the height direction, at the same time, with muting the round slice resonance. Sensitive cellists might feel such unnatural impulses on their chests. Generally speaking, such a height-direction vibration will reach to player's ears clearly. Audience might hear less resonance amplitude instead.
